Metallothionein-like metal-binding protein in the biomonitor <i>Chaoborus</i>: Occurrence and relationship to ambient metal concentrations in lakes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Larvae of the insect Chaoborus are used to monitor cadmium (Cd) in lakes. We set out to determine if this animal possesses a metallothionein-like protein to which its Cd could be bound and if the concentrations of such a protein are correlated with those of Cd in the insect and in lakewater. To achieve our goals, we collected water and larvae of several Chaoborus species from 10 lakes situated along an environmental Cd gradient. We found that all of the Chaoborus species possess a metallothionein-like protein and that concentrations of the protein and of Cd differed among species. Concentrations of the metallothionein-like protein were directly related to those in Chaoborus and in lakewater. These direct relationships support the use of Chaoborus larvae as a Cd biomonitor.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".