The role of interferon‐γ, nitric oxide and lipopolysaccharide in intestinal graft‐versus‐host disease developing in F<sub>1</sub>‐hybrid mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
(C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1-hybrid mice injected with lymphoid cells from wild-type, C57BL/6 donors develop acute, lethal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in which the intestine is a major target. In its destructive phase intestinal GVHD is characterized by apoptosis of intestinal crypt epithelial cells and the development of endotoxaemia. Injection of as little as 10 microg endotoxin is lethal in mice with acute GVHD, and associated with the release of large amounts of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) into the serum. To explore the role of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the pathogenesis of intestinal GVHD we used IFN-gamma gene knockout (gko) mice as donors. Recipients of grafts from these donors did not develop intestinal GVHD and, unlike recipients of wild-type grafts, did not die when injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We also found that injection 10 microg LPS into recipients of wild-type grafts induced apoptosis of intestinal epithelial crypt cells and was associated with a burst of nitric oxide production in the intestine. Administration of N(omega)nitro L-arginine methyl ester blocked this response. In contrast, LPS did not induce either intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis or increased nitric oxide production in recipients of IFN-gamma gko grafts. These findings indicate that donor-derived IFN-gamma is instrumental for the development of intestinal GVHD. In a previous study we showed that recipients of IFN-gamma gko grafts develop high levels of LPS-induced TNF-alpha release. When our current data are viewed in the context of this observation, they suggest that intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis in the parent-->F1-hybrid model of acute GVHD is mediated primarily by nitric oxide rather than TNF-alpha, and that this depends on donor-derived IFN-gamma.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".