Variation in the Hemodynamics of Young Adult Carotid Bifurcations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent clinical studies have reinvigorated the search for purported “geometric risk factors” for atherosclerosis [1,2], due in part to the finding of wide interindividual variations in carotid bifurcation geometry. We have shown, however, that, relative to those study groups, the carotid bifurcations of young adults exhibit significantly less geometric variability [3,4]. In fact, these variations approached the threshold of reproducibility in the image-derived measurements themselves, from which we concluded that, if there is such a thing as geometric risk for atherosclerosis, its early detection might prove challenging. This, however, presupposed that interindividual variations in the local hemodynamics of young adult carotid bifurcations would be similarly modest. The purpose of this study was to test that implicit assumption.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".