Removal of cadmium (II) ions from aqueous solution by <i>Tamrix gallica</i> leaves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by Tamrix gallica leaves has been investigated. The effect of several factors on the removal has been studied, including metal ions concentration, Tamrix leaves concentration, pH, presence of competing ions, agitation, crushing, and drying. Removal of cadmium by Tamrix leaves was found to be dependant on pH and the maximum removal of cadmium by Tamrix leaves was found at pH 5. The cadmium removal by Tamrix leaves has been found to depend on both the concentration of leaves and the concentration of cadmium in solution. The presence of foreign ions along with cadmium ions in water reduce the removal of cadmium in the order Cu > Pb > Ni > Na > K. Applicability of the Freundlich adsorption isotherm has been examined and the parameters of this isotherm have been calculated. The order of reaction between cadmium ions and Tamrix gallica leaves with respect to cadmium has been found to be first order and a mechanism based on adsorption of cadmium on leaves has been suggested. Key words: cadmium removal, water, Tamrix leaves, adsorption isotherm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".