Validation of a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Code for Internal Flow Simulations: Application to Hemodynamics in a Realistic Left Heart Cavity Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A numerical simulation of flow in the left heart cavity, left ventricle, based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics, a meshfree particle method is presented. Most of the works using this numerical method have been dedicated to simulation of free surface flows or internal flows with low Reynolds number. The present study is the first work dedicated to simulate the complex flow in a realistic rigid model of left ventricle applying the realistic pulsatile inlet velocity (having moderate Reynolds number) using a meshfree particle method. The numerical validation of our code is performed through the simulation of flow in a cavity at a Reynolds number equal to 1000. Also, the comparison of the results of flow simulation in a simplified geometry of left ventricle with the finite volume results is presented. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics method was able to resolve the flow patterns showing its potential to be applied in complex cardiovascular flow simulations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".