Methane Nonoxidative Aromatization over Ru−Mo/HZSM-5 at Temperatures up to 973 K in a Palladium−Silver/Stainless Steel Membrane Reactor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pd-based composite membranes supported on porous stainless steel offer high permeability and good mechanical stability. They represent an appropriate alternative in catalytic membrane reactors. In this study, Pd−Ag/porous stainless steel membranes prepared by electroless plating were used in the oxygen-free methane aromatization over Ru−Mo/HZSM-5 in a catalytic membrane reactor at temperatures up to 973 K. The 0.5% Ru−3% Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst, prepared by incipient-wetness co-impregnation, was highly selective toward benzene production. Despite attained methane conversions well beyond the thermodynamic conversion, the continuous withdrawal of coproduced H 2 promoted the formation and deposition of low-H/C carbonaceous species especially at high temperatures. At a methane space velocity of 270 mL(STP)·h -1 ·g -1 and a temperature of 873 K, a maximum conversion of methane to benzene equal to ca. 8% was obtained. When the temperature was raised to 973 K, the maximum conversion culminated at ca. 17% but was accompanied with time by a faster falloff in methane conversion compared to that observed at 873 K.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".