Biology of Macrolophus caliginosus (Heteroptera: Miridae) Predator of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Macrolophus caliginosus Wagner (Heteroptera: Miridae) is a highly polyphagous predatory bug, which has proven tobe effective in controlling many insect pests of greenhouse vegetables (eggplant, tomato, and cucumber) especiallywhiteflies, aphids, and thrip. It is mainly used as a biological control auxiliary against T. vaporariorum Westwood(Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). The greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum is particularly harmful to tomatoplants grown under the greenhouse. It has become prevalent whenever crops are frequently sprayed with insecticides.Biological control is becoming important for controlling this insect pest. A mirid bug management programme has beendeveloped for an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in tomato. The objective of the programme was to keep thepredator population densities high enough in order to maintain T. vaporariorum and other insect pest populations belowthe economic threshold. In this study, it was very important to determine the biology of predator in term of its life cycle,behaviour at different stages, fecundity, longevity and searching abilities, in order to provide detail data for formulatingthe means of control against whitefly. Results of this study indicated that Macrolophus caliginosus adults fed onwhitefly larvae of all stages from the first larval stage to the pupal stage. The predator consumed the preys at almostsimilar daily rates (average of 5.94 per day). The study implies that M. caliginosus, with its life cycle, predation,longevity and fecundity and host preference, is a beneficial insect to combat against whitefly.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".