Metabolic and structural remodeling of heart‐derived H9c2 cells by AMPK activation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), a kinase involved in control of cellular metabolism, inhibits pathologic cardiac hypertrophy development but also plays a role in skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise. We tested the hypothesis that AMPK activation per se results in structural and metabolic remodeling of heart muscle cells characteristic of that seen in physiologic cardiac hypertrophy. Adenoviral‐mediated over expression of a constitutively active form of AMPK (CA‐AMPK) was used to increase AMPK activity in H9c2 cells, a cell line from embryonic rat heart ventricle. Then, indices of cellular hypertrophy and substrate use were measured 48 hrs later. AMPK activity was ~40‐50% higher in CA‐AMPK treated cells than in untreated cells. This was accompanied by a ~20‐25% increase in total protein content and phenylalanine incorporation without a measurable increase in atrial natriuretc peptide expression. CA‐AMPK stimulated fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis, but did not significantly alter glucose oxidation. Thus, AMPK activation causes structural and metabolic remodeling in heart muscle cells different from that seen in pathologic settings, indicating AMPK activation alone leads to a physiologic form of hypertrophy in heart muscle cells and may alter the reciprocal relationship between fatty acid and glucose utilization. This research project is funded by Canadian Institute of Health Research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".