Vulnerability to Climate Change Assessment for a Highway Constructed on Permafrost
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The 93 km section of Highway 3 located between Behchoko (Rae-Edzo) and Yellowknife is located in an area with warm and discontinuous permafrost and variable ground ice contents. The highway was originally constructed as a gravel road in 1968. Between 1999 and 2006, the alignment for this section of highway was straightened and reconstructed, and the road surface chip-sealed. To date, this section of highway has experienced significant sagging in soil-covered areas and requires considerable maintenance efforts to keep the road in a comfortable and safe driving condition. Embankment deformations have been attributed to the degradation of the ice-rich permafrost foundation. The Public Infrastructure Engineering Vulnerability Committee (PIEVC), a national committee established by Engineers Canada, has developed a standardized protocol to assess the vulnerability of Canada's public infrastructure to climate change. The protocol continues to be tested on a variety of public infrastructures and in 2010, this section of highway was evaluated as a case study. More than 1100 highway infrastructure element - climate event combinations were assessed. Out of these combinations, five were identified as "high risk". The assessment identified those sections of the highway built on ice-rich permafrost as being at greatest risk, based on its low capacity to withstand the projected or anticipated climate-change related loads. Overall, the road embankment stability was found to be insensitive to climate change such that only functionality losses are expected, not sudden losses in capacity. Climate change will likely increase maintenance and repair efforts needed to maintain safe driving conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".