A decadal survey of the Daytime Arietid meteor shower using the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present results from a 12 year survey of the Daytime Arietid meteor shower using the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar, a VHF backscattering orbital meteor radar, covering the interval 2002–2013. This survey recorded more than 2 × 104 Daytime Arietid orbits having representative masses of 8 × 10−8 kg and sizes of ≈0.4 mm. The core activity for the Arietids is found in the range 73| $_{.}^{\circ}$|5 ≤ λ⊙ ≤ 84| $_{.}^{\circ}$|5 and shows a broad 4-d maximum centred near λ⊙ = 80| $_{.}^{\circ}$|5 of 0.04 meteoroids km−2 h−1 producing meteors of equivalent radio magnitude of +6.5 from a mean radiant at αg = 44| $_{.}^{\circ}$|9 ± 1| $_{.}^{\circ}$|1, δg = 25| $_{.}^{\circ}$|5 ± 1| $_{.}^{\circ}$|0. During the plateau of shower peak activity, the mass index of the stream reaches a minimum with s = 1.6–1.7. Contamination from another nearby shower (likely the Daytime Zeta Perseids) and/or sub-streams showing different orbits compared to the core of the stream is evident in the interval 60| $_{.}^{\circ}$|5 ≤ λ⊙ ≤ 71| $_{.}^{\circ}$|5. Similar contamination beyond λ⊙ = 84| $_{.}^{\circ}$|5 may be due to the Helion sporadic source. We also characterized the deceleration profiles for Daytime Arietid meteor echoes using several independent speed techniques including Fresnel pre-t0, Fresnel amplitude oscillation and time-of-flight speeds which together with modelling produced a best estimate for the stream's out-of-atmosphere speed of v∞ = 40.5 ± 0.7 km s−1. The mean radar orbit from our study is noticeably smaller in semi-major axis and eccentricity than is found for larger Arietids measured with optical systems, a difference which if real indicates a particle-size sorting of the stream orbit. The broad activity maximum, long duration of activity and particle-size dependence of the orbital elements suggest the stream is too old to have been solely formed during the breakup of the parent comet of the Marsden sunskirters about a millennium ago as proposed by Sekanina & Chodas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".