Biomolecule delivery into canola protoplasts by centrifuging cells with microbubbles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have successfully delivered FITC and FITC-Dextran (70, 250 kDa) into canola protoplasts by centrifuging cells with different amounts of microbubbles at variable centrifuge speed. The efficiency is around 90%, while cell viability remains high. Confocal microscopy images show that both FITC and FITC-Dextran are scattered inside the cytoplasm and the cell nucleus. Pores are observed on canola protoplast cell membranes and cell walls when centrifuged with microbubbles, while the membrane of cells centrifuged alone remain intact and smooth. We hypothesize that the collision between the microbubbles and cells or the bursting of microbubbles are the main reasons for the formation of these pores. Biomaterials can diffuse into the cells once the pathway is created.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".