Dry olive leaf extract promotes avant-garde apoptosis in melanoma cells; switch from caspase- dependent to caspase- independent pathway
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aim of work: It is well known that malignant melanomas respond poorly to chemotherapy. Having in mind efficacy of some traditional approaches in treatment of apoptotic unresponsive cancers, it was of interests to evaluated sensitivity of melanomas to compounds present in total dry olive leaf extract (DOLE) with known antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Applied methods : Crystal violet and MTT viability assays, analysis of cell cycle distribution of PI stained cells, Anex/PI double staining for detection of apoptotic/necrotic cell death, Western blot analysis of relevant protein and Real time PCR analysis of gene expression; solid melanoma were induced by subcutaneous inoculation of B16 cells in singeneic C57BL/6 strain . Main results : DOLE strongly abrogated growth of B16 cells in vitro as well as in vivo . Its intraperitoneal application resulted in significant reduction of tumor size. Decreased B16 cell viability was associated with its morphological transformation, Go/G1 arrest and delayed apoptosis with recognizable signs of early and late phases. Surprisingly, key executioner molecules – caspases were continuously inhibited at both- protein and gene levels while the expression of caspase-independent endonuclease – Endo G was exaggerated, thus indicating its involvement in finalization of apoptotic process. Time limited upregulation of cell protective Bcl-2 within first two hours of incubation with DOLE, followed with its rapid and permanent decrease, possibly contributed to switch from caspase-dependent to caspase-independent pathway. Conclusions: Compounds present in DOLE are capable to overcome insensitivity of melanoma cells to classical apoptosis by unconventional mechanisms, indicating that data presented are worthy of further investigation. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by Serbian Ministry of Science and Technological Development (Grant N o 143029)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".