Morbidity and mortality following coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with cirrhosis: a population‐based study
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The risk of cardiac surgery in patients with cirrhosis is poorly defined. Our objective was to describe outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in cirrhotic patients from a population-based perspective. METHODS: We analysed the 1998-2004 Nationwide In-patient Sample to identify patients hospitalized for CABG surgery. The effect of cirrhosis on mortality, complications, length of stay (LOS) and charges was evaluated using logistic regression models. RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2004, there were 403 094 CABG admissions; 711 patients (0.2%) had cirrhosis. The average annual number of surgeries increased 4.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7-7.8] in cirrhotic patients, but decreased 5.5% (3.4-7.5) in non-cirrhotic patients. Patients with cirrhosis had an increased risk of mortality [17 vs. 3%; adjusted odds ratio (OR) 6.67; 95% CI 5.31-8.31], complications [43 vs. 28%; OR 1.99 (95% CI 1.72-2.30)] and greater LOS and charges (P<0.0001). Predictors of mortality included age over 60 (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.31-3.73), female gender (OR 1.92; 95% CI 1.08-3.41), ascites (OR 3.80; 95% CI 1.95-7.39) and congestive heart failure (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.08-2.84). Hospital volume and off-pump CABG did not affect mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with cirrhosis have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality following CABG surgery. Additional studies are necessary to refine risk stratification in this high-risk patient population.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it