Finite Element Analysis of Broken Fiber Effects on Hollow Active Fiber Composites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The finite element method was used to study the performance of hollow active fiber composites (HAFC) and the effect of the fiber damage on this performance. The finite element model was developed for the simulation of the PZT-5H hollow fiber-epoxy matrix composite with single and dual electrode ‘bus’ systems. The simulations were performed for the actuation and sensing functions of the composites with healthy and broken fibers. The results of the healthy HAFC models were compared to the experimental data and numerical results found in the literature. The effect of broken fibers in the composite structure on both the actuation and sensing performance was studied. The results demonstrate that a gap in the fiber leads to actuation performance loss. The loss in the performance is directly related to the location of the fiber and its proximity to the electric potential source. The results also demonstrate that this loss could be minimized by applying a dual electrode system at both ends of the composite. In the sensing application utilizing HAFC, it was shown that these types of composites have several advantages over solid active fiber composites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".