A new weight updating method for INS/GPS integration architectures based on neural networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inertial navigation system (INS) and global position system (GPS) technologies have been widely utilized in many positioning and navigation applications. Each system has its own unique characteristics and limitations. Therefore, the integration of the two systems offers a number of advantages and overcomes each system's inadequacies. INS/GPS integration is usually implemented using Kalman filters. However, Kalman filters perform adequately only under certain predefined dynamic models and suffer from several problems related to observability and immunity to noise effects. An INS/GPS integration method based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) to fuse INS measurements and differential global positioning system (DGPS) measurements has been recently suggested. Although able to provide high performance INS/DGPS integration with accurate prediction of position components during GPS outages, the conventional methods of updating the ANN weights limit the real-time capabilities. This paper offers a new weight updating criterion to improve the limitation of traditional weight updating methods with the utilization of two different architectures; the position update architecture and position and velocity update architecture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".