Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the fresh, mechanical and durability properties of lightweight self-consolidating concrete (LWSCC) mixtures produced from pumice aggregates and supplementary cementing materials derived from various combinations of volcanic ash, pumice powder and metakaolin. The fresh state properties were determined from slump flow, V-funnel flow time, bleeding, air content, setting time and segregation tests. The mechanical properties and durability characteristics such as compressive strength, rapid chloride permeability, ultrasonic pulse velocity, freeze–thaw/frost resistance, resistance to salt scaling and drying shrinkage were evaluated. The use of volcanic ash, pumice and metakaolin as supplementary cementing materials improved resistance to chloride penetration, freeze–thaw and salt scaling. The developed LWSCC mixtures exhibited satisfactory durability and also satisfied the criteria for structural concrete. The application of developed LWSCCs can lead to low-cost sustainable construction in volcanic areas around the world.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".