The Lisbon Strategy and the politicization of EU policy-making: the case of the Services Directive
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This contribution explores how the Lisbon Strategy affected the politics of policy-making surrounding the Services Directive (2006). The Lisbon Strategy promoted a fundamental rethink of how to integrate service markets for enhancing the competitiveness of the European economy, without clear evidence that it was politically viable or even desired at the national level. Specifically, it examines how the Lisbon Strategy provoked the introduction of a radical policy idea without organizing a meaningful consultation with non-state actors at the preparatory stage. This mismatch between the ideational and organizational components resulted in a politicization of the process, eventually empowering the European Parliament.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.026 | 0.019 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.018 | 0.029 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.026 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.013 |
| Research integrity | 0.022 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".