Bibliographic record
Abstract
Palliative care developed during the hospice movement. Hospice was associated as a rest place for weary travelers in ancient times, many of whom were ill. Hospice first became associated with the dying in France in 1842; the first modern hospice, St. Christopher's Hospice, was established in London by Dame Cicely Saunders in 1967. It was the first facility founded as a "place" to care for the dying. In 1974, the first U.S. hospice was established in Connecticut based on a home care model. In 1975, Balfour Mount, MD, founded the Palliative Care Service in The Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal; the concept of "palliative care" in North America was established (Sheehan & Forman, 1996). The traditional view of palliative care indicates that symptomatic and supportive care are generally withheld until all attempts to treat the underlying disease and other medical problems are exhausted. Many times, palliative care is offered with little time left for living. Palliative care should be considered in conjunction with active treatment, and, as death nears, palliative care becomes more important as active treatment while cure become less important.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".