Insulin Sensitivity in Skeletal Muscle Regulated by a Hepatic Hormone, HISS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The current state of the HISS (hepatic insulin sensitizing substance) hypothesis is briefly outlined. In the postmeal absorptive state, 50-60% of the glucose storage action of insulin is accounted for by the actions of HISS released from the liver and acting on skeletal muscle. Hepatic parasympathetic nerves permissively regulate the ability of a pulse of insulin to release HISS, thereby potentiating the impact of insulin in the fed state. HISS release in response to insulin decreases progressively with fasting to create a physiological state of HISS-dependent insulin resistance. HISS release is regulated by parasympathetic nerves via muscarinic receptors and nitric oxide, and insulin resistance of skeletal muscle produced by hepatic denervation is reversed by intraportal but not intravenous acetylcholine or a nitric oxide donor. It is suggested that HISS-dependent insulin resistance occurs in animal models including sucrose-fed rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats, chronic liver disease, fetal alcohol effect in the adult offspring, and type 2 diabetes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".