Linear- and circular-polarization photoionization angular distributions in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>by attosecond xuv laser pulses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation, using a new unitary numerical method, are used to obtain gauge-independent photoionization angular distributions for two-dimensional (planar) models of aligned ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${{\mathrm{H}}_{2}}^{+}$ molecules in different electronic states. Simulations are performed with few-cycle attosecond (as) extreme-ultraviolet (xuv) laser pulses at wavelengths $\ensuremath{\lambda}=$ 10 nm [$\ensuremath{\omega}=$ 4.56 a.u. (atomic units), $\ensuremath{\tau}=2\ensuremath{\pi}/\ensuremath{\omega}=$ 1.38 a.u. $=$ 33.4 as], and $\ensuremath{\lambda}=$ 5 nm ($\ensuremath{\omega}=$ 9.11 a.u., $\ensuremath{\tau}=$ 16.7 as) for linear and circular polarization ionizations at ${R}_{e}=1.675$ a.u., where molecular orbital configurations dominate for which the electron wavelengths ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{e}\ensuremath{\geqslant}{R}_{e}$ and at large internuclear distance $R=10$ a.u. (${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{e}<R$) where Heitler-London atomic configurations including ionic states ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$H${}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ are more appropriate. The simulations allow one to investigate the effects of electron correlation and entanglement in ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ at different $R$ due to electron spin exchange as compared to the delocalized one-electron ${{\mathrm{H}}_{2}}^{+}$ system. An ultrashort (delta function) pulse model is used to interpret interferences in momentum distributions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.560 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".