Realization of surface plasmon resonance sensor in standard optical fibers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor design is proposed and fabricated based on an optical fiber with a photo-written Tilted Fiber Bragg Grating (TFBG) and a thin gold deposited layer. The TFBG allows the transfer of light from the core mode into a multitude of cladding modes, each wavelength corresponding to a different incidence angle. The most pronounced SPR effect was obtained for a gold thickness of 20 nm, however every tested thickness showed SPR at a certain level. To characterize the uniformity of gold films, the coated fiber were imaged using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and showed a high level of graininess, as expected from such thin layers. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images were used to characterize the quality of the gold coating before and after experiments. Despite the high non-uniformity and graininess of gold coating, the angular spread of SPR is as narrow as expected from theory. The sensitivity obtained reaches 454 nm per refractive index unit.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".