Impact and management of crested wheatgrass (<i>Agropyron cristatum</i>) in the northern Great Plains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.] invades native prairie and reduces diversity in the northern Great Plains. Here we review the effects of crested wheatgrass on grassland communities and ecosystems, as well as potential strategies for controlling crested wheatgrass. Because of its tussock growth form and C 3 photosynthetic pathway, crested wheatgrass is likely to alter native grassland both above- and belowground. Experiments and long-term population projections suggest that both grazing and herbicide applied regularly can greatly decrease its abundance even though established populations may not be eliminated. Key words: Agropyron cristatum; non-native plant species; native grassland; invasion; crested wheatgrass management
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".