Ground deformation due to steam assisted gravity drainage and cyclic steam stimulation observed by RADARSAT-2 in Alberta's oil sands
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ground deformation in Alberta's oil sand in Canada was observed with RADARSAT-2 Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR). Canadian RADARSAT-2 satellite is capable of acquiring SAR data with 24 day repeat cycle with beams of various resolution, coverage and polarization. In this work we used data from various RADARSAT-2 beams acquired over the Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) and the Cyclic Steam Simulation (CSS) enhanced oil recovery mining sites. We employed the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) technique for measuring linear deformation rates and time series of deformation when coherence of individual interferograms was favorable. In case of very fast deformation observed at some sites the accurate phase unwrapping for a large number of interferograms was impossible so for these sites we computed individual interferograms only. Presented here results demonstrate that CSS enhanced oil recovery method produces significantly larger ground deformation than SAGD method.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".