“Black, Patched and Pennyless”: Race and Crime in Burney’s <i>The Wanderer</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Frances Burney’s The Wanderer; Or, Female Difficulties, an English heiress escapes Revolutionary France disguised as a black woman. While in this disguise, she is accused of theft, beggary, and prostitution, and, despite her innocence, she is ultimately advertised as a criminal even after her black makeup fades. This article historicizes Juliet’s criminalization within metropolitan alarm about the alien black population of former African slaves living in Britain at the close of the eighteenth century. Rather than merely reproducing racialist thought as other critics have claimed, Burney’s novel interrogates the idea of black as criminal by exposing how the fraught, anti-Jacobin rhetoric of Edmund Burke and the class anxieties of the French Revolution contributed to the entrenchment of this early stereotype.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".