Health and Social Profile of Older Adults With MS: Findings From Three Studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Currently in the United States, approximately 45% of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) are older than 55. The majority of these people can expect to live as long as their age peers. This paper provides a health and social profile of 440 older adults with MS (mean age, 64) using data from three separate studies conducted in Canada and the United States. The majority of participants were women, married, living with at least one other person, and reporting that their income was adequate to meet their needs. The most common symptoms reported included fatigue, problems with balance, and weakness. Participants had the most difficulty with doing heavy housework, making a hot meal, managing finances, and bathing. Overall, most participants reported their health as poor. Comparing these findings to existing literature suggests important health differences between younger and older people with MS, and between older adults with and without MS, that may not be sufficiently recognized by existing services. (Int J MS Care. 2002; 4: 139–143, 148–151)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".