Experimental and numerical study of heat transfer in horizontal concentric annulus containing phase change material
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In the present research work, solid–liquid phase change heat transfer was studied experimentally as well as numerically for paraffin wax encapsulated in the annulus of two coaxial circular cylinders with variable heat flux. Two‐dimensional mathematical model (Navier–Stokes equation) in terms of primitive variables has been formulated to study the melting characteristics of the phase change material (PCM). The finite volume method (FVM) and semi‐implicit, that is, SIMPLE scheme are applied to discretise the governing equations and track the solid–liquid moving front. From the comparison of experimental data and numerical simulation, it is evident that the convective heat transfer is dominant in melting phase. From the computational results it is also observed that both eccentricity and the variation in the angle of inclination of the eccentricity plays an important role for the net circulation of the molten phase as well as the thermal flux at the inner surface of the annulus.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it