Cumulative effects of nutrients and pH on the plankton of two mountain lakes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We conducted enclosure experiments to examine the cumulative effects of nutrient enrichment and acidification on the plankton of two mountain lakes with differing nutrient conditions. The low-nitrate lake responded to N, N plus acid, and N plus acid plus P additions, showing four- to seven-fold increases in chlorophyll a, increased photosynthetic rate, compositional shifts toward large chlorophytes, and decreased zooplankton biomass. The high-nitrate lake responded minimally to either N or P alone but responded strongly to combined additions of N plus acid plus P, showing eightfold increases in chlorophyll a, increased cell density and photosynthetic rates, and compositional shifts toward chlorophytes and the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium. In both study lakes, changes in chlorophyll a were linked to addition of limiting nutrients regardless of pH, whereas shifts in phytoplankton species composition were apparently affected by both nutrient conditions and acidity. The most striking changes in species composition and biomass occurred in combined N plus acid plus P treatments, indicating that continued nutrient enrichment may interact with acidification to produce marked changes in the plankton of mountain lakes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".