Recycling the lid: Effects of subduction and stirring on boundary layer dynamics in bottom‐heated planetary mantle convection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The subduction and stirring of cold oceanic lithosphere governs the thermal regime of the Earth's mantle. Whether upwelling mantle plumes are transient isoviscous thermals or long‐lived low viscosity plumes depends on the magnitude of the resulting temperature variations in the thermal boundary layer at the base of the mantle. Previous laboratory experiments suggest that low viscosity “Earth‐like” plumes occur where the hot thermal boundary layer (TBL) viscosity ratio, λh > O(10). Here, the results from two‐dimensional numerical simulations, in which subduction is either forced from above or allowed to arise naturally show that: (1) a morphologic transition from upwellings in the form of isoviscous thermals to cavity plumes occurs where λh ≥ O(10) and is accompanied by a qualitative change in the temporal and spatial dynamics of the hot TBL; (2) this transition corresponds to a condition in which the velocity boundary layer (VBL) is concentrated within the basal part of the TBL for no‐ and free‐slip boundaries; and (3) a regime in which λh ≥ O(10) can only occur if the total viscosity ratio across the convecting system, λT ≥ O(102). Our results support a recent conjecture that low viscosity mantle plumes in the Earth are a consequence of strong mantle cooling by plate tectonics. Moreover, Earth‐like plume models may be inappropriate for explaining the origin of surface features on one plate planets such as Mars or Venus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".