Patient-Related Keloid Scar Assessment and Outcome Measures
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Keloid scars cause pain, itching, functional limitation, and disfigurement, leading to psychological distress. Progress in treatment regimens is hindered by the lack of a universally accepted outcome measure. The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale is a tool for the assessment of scars, incorporating an assessment by both clinician and patient. This study evaluates its application to keloids and compares it to the widely used Vancouver Scar Scale, which is considered the standard mode of assessment for scars. METHODS: Three observers using the two scales assessed 34 patients with 41 keloid scars independently. Patients evaluated their own scars simultaneously using the patient component of the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale. Internal consistency, interobserver reliability, and convergent validity were examined. RESULTS: Both components of the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale had high internal consistency (0.82 and 0.86 for patient and observer components, respectively); those rates were higher than the rate for the Vancouver Scar Scale (0.65). Interobserver reliability was "substantial" for the Vancouver Scar Scale (0.65) and "almost perfect" for the observer component of the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (0.85). Convergent validity was very strong (0.83, p < 0.01), although the patient component did not correlate well with either of the observer scales. Patients rated their scars worse than the observer average for 83 percent of the scars, and were influenced by color, stiffness, thickness, and irregularity (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings support the use of the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale as a reliable and valid method of assessing keloid scars in a clinical context. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic, II.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it