Chelation of Molybdenum in <i>Medicago sativa</i> (Alfalfa) Grown on Reclaimed Mine Tailings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extraction and analytical procedures were developed from 1999 to 2005 for the chemical investigation of molybdenum (Mo) in aerial portions of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) grown on a reclaimed mine tailings site at the Highland Valley Copper Mine in British Columbia, Canada. The purification procedures were guided by colorimetric analyses specific for Mo. The Mo levels in freeze-dried plant samples exceeded 100 ppm, which is more than 20 times the maximum level recommended for livestock feed. In contrast to previous work, which detected the inorganic molybdate anion (MoO4(2-)) in alfalfa from the site, the present study identified the major pool of Mo as a chelate bound to malic acid in five sources of plant material. However, the inorganic form of Mo was characterized in aqueous tailings samples, but once imbibed by vegetation, the anion was chelated to the alpha-hydroxy organic acid. Synthetic chelates were synthesized to differentiate the Mo-malate complex from the Mo-citrate by 95Mo NMR. Crystal structure of the synthetic Mo-malate determined that the Mo was bound to two malato ligands as Na 2[MoO2(malate) 2] x 5H2O, which confirmed the structure of the isolates deduced by 95Mo NMR. The chelation of Mo at the site may well explain the apparent lack of long-term clinical effects in cattle grazing the site.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".