Responsible Parenthood: Decriminalizing Contraception in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Until 1969, Contraception Was Illegal In Canada. According To The Canadian Criminal Code, it was an offense to advertise or sell anything designed to prevent conception. In this book, Brenda Appleby analyses the process of legislative reform that ended in the removal of such references from the Code.In the latter years of the 1960s, a series of public hearings got the debate on contraception well underway. Appleby focuses on the voice of religion in the debate, arguing that the churches made two significant contributions: the first in advocating responsible parenthood, and the second in drawing a clear distinction between civil law and moral law.Current concerns over new reproductive technologies reveal that we continue to be uncertain about the role of law with respect to matters of morality and socially contested values. Informed by hindsight, this book offers a timely overview of the evolution of thought in response to a specific moral issue regulated by law.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.026 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".