Evidence for spittlebug warning colouration and mimicry between Aphrophorine and Cercopine species in a Peruvian valley
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Most tropical spittlebugs of the subfamily Cercopinae are large and boldly coloured insects. Species of this group exhibit a strong odour associated with reflex bleeding and are hypothesized to be protected from predation. Evidence for warning colouration is demonstrated by the discovery that females of a black spittlebug with a broad, contrasting orange band across the middle of the wings, belonging to the genus Sphodroscarta, is an exact mimic of Zuata ephippiata, a Cercopine spittlebug from the same Peruvian valley. The tentatively associated male, S. bimaculata, is black with smaller white spots. The colour pattern of the female is quite distinct from the patterns of other Sphodroscarta, which are darker insects striped or spotted with white or tan. This genus belongs to subfamily Aphrophorinae, which consists almost universally of dull, cryptically coloured insects that lack the distinct odour of Cercopine spittlebugs. Convergence of these distantly related species on a single striking colour pattern in one valley appears to represent a case of female-limited Batesian mimicry and a demonstration of the power of selection for aposematic colouration to influence the evolution of spittlebug colour patterns.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it