Implementation of an Algorithm for Intravenous Pantoprazole: Impact on Prescription Compliance in Quebec University Hospitals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Intravenous pantoprazole is used at Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM) for the adjuvant treatment of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB) and for inhibiting acid secretion among patients unable to tolerate oral intake (NPO). Since it was added to the CHUM formulary, the use of intravenous pantoprazole has steadily increased, and at times it has been used without endoscopic documentation of a nonvariceal UGB or even when the patient could have received a proton pump inhibitor orally. Objective: To assess the impact of an algorithm for intravenous pantoprazole on prescription compliance. Methods: Using a pre–post intervention specification, the use of pantoprazole was audited on a retrospective (January 1, 2002, to April 30, 2002) and prospective (January 1, 2003, to April 30, 2003) basis. We reviewed the medical records of all patients having received intravenous pantoprazole during these periods, assessing the compliance of prescriptions as specified by the algorithm. Cost of therapy and the step-down regimen were also reviewed. Results: In total, 150 patients were identified in the retrospective phase and 109patients in the prospective phase. The subjects were organized into 2 groups: UGB and NPO. In the UGB group, rates of compliance with indication, dose, and duration of treatment in the retrospective phase were 8.8%, 76.5%, and 58.8%, respectively; the corresponding rates for the prospective phase were 26.5% (p < 0.01), 80.9% (p = 0.53), and 69.1% (p = 0.78), respectively. The total rates of compliance (including indication, dose, and duration) were 4.4% in the retrospective phase and 11.8% in the prospective phase (p = 0.12). In the NPO group, the rate of compliance at the initiation of pantoprazole was 42.7% in the retrospective phase and 36.6% in the prospective phase (p = 0.51). The cost of noncompliance with the indication in the UGB group was estimated at $12 270 CDN (in the retrospective phase) and $7829 (in the prospective phase). In the NPO group, the cost figures were $8048 (retrospective phase) and $5929 (prospective phase). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that intravenous pantoprazole is being used in a suboptimal manner in our institution. Despite explicit criteria for use, in the prospective phase, we observed only 11.8% total compliance in the UGB group and 36.6% compliance at the initiation of pantoprazole in the NPO group. Even though these results were not statistically significant, in the prospective phase, we saw improvement in most compliance rates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.036 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".