Targeted Fat Loss Through Electrical Stimulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Human white adipocytes were shown to contain Kv, voltage dependant, channels in high density. No relationship as been made between, Kv channels, membrane potentials and fat cell lipolysis. Our previous results demonstrated that both monopolar (4 mA) and bipolar (4 and 6 mA) electrical stimulations significantly activated in vitro lipolysis. These results justify testing the effects of a 6 mA bipolar electrical stimulation on the targeted reduction of the subcutaneous fat layer at the abdominal and thigh levels. METHODS: Two groups of women participated in this study: a stimulation group (SG, n=9) and a training group (TG, n=13). Both the SG and TG groups took part in the same aerobic training program: 3 times per week for 12 weeks. The training consisted of 30 min of treadmill walking at an intensity of 55 to 65% of their VO2max, preceded by a 5 min warm-up period and 5 min of cooling down. For the SG group, the participants were also electrically stimulated at the abdomen (level of the umbilicus) and the thigh (anterior aspect) on the right side only, the left side being used as a control. The electrical current was defined as follows: 6 mA bipolar pulses at 1 Hz (500 ms on - 500 ms off). Before the training began (T1), after 6 weeks (T2) and at the end of the training period (T3) all participants were tested for the following variables: body weight, percent body fat (3 skin folds equation and bio-impedance), thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer at the abdomen and at the thigh on both sides using ultrasound. A mixed model factorial analysis of variance using the independent groups and the repeated tests was used to reveal statistical significant differences. RESULTS: All women demonstrated a significant weight loss (p<0.001) and decrease in percent body fat (p<0.001) from T1 to T3. The thickness of the fat layer at the abdomen at the stimulation site decreased 9,7% more then the control (p=0.039). At the thigh, the specific decrease (p=0.014) in the fat layer reached 19.3% more for the stimulation group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that targeted fat loss can be achieved through specific electrical stimulation. These results can be explained by the significant levels of fat cell lipolysis that are induced by the type of electrical stimulation we developed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".