Structure of the Velocity and Soot Concentration Fields of a Swirl Stabilized Turbulent Non-Premixed Flame in a Gas Turbine Model Combustor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Turbulent non-premixed swirl flames were investigated in a gas turbine model combustor with optical access. Velocity and soot concentration fields for ethylene/air combustion at three overall fuel-air equivalence ratios, 0.222, 0.209 and 0.198, were studied. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements were used to study the flow field in the combustor, and time-averaged soot volume fractions were obtained using laser induced incandescence. The flow field and soot measurements were performed separately, but under identical conditions. The flow field measurements captured the inner and outer recirculation zones, the boundaries of which showed high turbulence intensity. This high intensity turbulence implies a rapid mixing of the cold reactants with the recirculating hot combustion products and chemically active radicals near the recirculation zone boundaries. The soot volume fractions showed a strong dependence on the overall fuel-air equivalence ratio. Regions of maximum soot had a conical shape and grew radially outward with downstream locations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".