Photodegradation of Estrone in Solar Irradiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The photodegradation of the steroid estrone (E1), an endocrine disrupting hormone which is commonly released into aquatic environments, was investigated in aqueous solution using natural sunlight (290−700 nm) produced using a solar simulator. The degradation of E1 was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics, with the rate constant decreasing slightly with increasing initial concentration and varying linearly with solar intensity in the region of 25−100 mW cm −2 . The half-life of E1 using 1 Sun (100 mW cm −2 ) was measured to be 52.50 min in natural conditions. The rate of mineralization based on total organic carbon (TOC) reduction was lower than E1 degradation, while the TOC of the solution decreased steadily with increased irradiation time. In the presence of humic acid, the photodegradation rate increased significantly, attributed to photosensitization by the reactive species. The solution pH also had a considerable effect on the rate with maximum degradation occurring around neutral pH of 7.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".