NADPH‐d/NOS reactivity in the lumbar dorsal horn of congenitally hypothyroid pups before and after formalin pain induction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that congenitally hypothyroid rat pups exhibit altered behavioral response to formalin pain induction during postnatal period. In the present study, using NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry and NOS immunostaining, we investigated the effect of congenital hypothyroidism on the NOS expression in spinal cord of intact neonates at postnatal days of 15 and 21. We also examined the effect of thyroid dysfunction on the NADPH-d/NOS expression in response to formalin nociception. Congenital hypothyroidism induced by propylthiouracil (PTU) treatment started from gestational day 16 and continued to postnatal day 15 or 21. Congenitally hypothyroid pups exhibited marked reduction in NADPH-d reactive cells (84% and 66% in P15 and P21, respectively; P<0.001) and NOS-ir cells (52% and 91% in P15 and P21, respectively; P<0.001) in superficial lumbar dorsal horn laminae (I-II) as compared to that of normal pups. Moreover, in congenitally hypothyroid pups the NADPH-d/NOS expression following hindpaw formalin injection did not change significantly. Our results demonstrate that congenital hypothyroidism affect developmental expression of NOS in spinal dorsal horn, which may in part explain the altered behavioral pain response as we previously reported in hypothyroid pups.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".