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Record W2017933830 · doi:10.1103/physrevd.61.064005

Quantum interest for scalar fields in Minkowski spacetime

2000· article· en· W2017933830 on OpenAlexaff
Frans Pretorius

Bibliographic record

VenuePhysical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · 2000
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicQuantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Victoria
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMinkowski spaceNegative energySpacetimePhysicsQuantum field theory in curved spacetimeScalar fieldScalar (mathematics)QuantumQuantum field theoryConjectureVacuum energyQuantum fluctuationMathematical physicsQuantum mechanicsTheoretical physicsQuantum gravityMathematics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The quantum interest conjecture of Ford and Roman states that any negative energy flux in a free quantum field must be preceded or followed by a positive flux of greater magnitude, and the more the surplus of positive energy grows the further the positive and negative fluxes are apart. In addition, the maximum possible separation between the positive and negative energy decreases the larger the amount of negative energy. We prove that the quantum interest conjecture holds for arbitrary fluxes of noninteracting scalar field energy in 4D Minkowski spacetime, and discuss the consequences in attempting to violate the second law of thermodynamics using negative energy. We speculate that quantum interest may also hold for the electromagnetic and Dirac fields, and might be applied to certain curved spacetimes.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.339
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.016
GPT teacher head0.334
Teacher spread0.319 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations14
Published2000
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

Explore more

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