Evolution of AC conductivity in non-equilibrium warm dense gold
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AC conductivity has long been of interest in the study of electronic structure and transport properties of Warm Dense Matter. Using a chirped pulse probe technique, we have obtained single-shot measurements of the temporal evolution of AC conductivity during electron energy relaxation in non-equilibrium warm dense gold produced by femtosecond-laser heating with energy density up to 4.1MJ/kg (8×1010J/m3). The results uncover important changes that have been masked in earlier studies. Equally significant, they provide the first benchmark for testing an ab-initio model that is used to calculate electron heat capacity, electron-ion coupling and AC conductivity in a single, first principles framework. While measurements of the real part of AC conductivity corroborate our theoretical temperature-dependent electron heat capacity, they point to an electron-ion coupling factor of ~2.2×1016W/m3K, substantially below that predicted by theory. In addition, measurements of the imaginary part of AC conductivity reveal the need to improve theoretical treatment of intraband contribution at very low photon energy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".