The global effect induced by "blind" distractors in visual hemifield defects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Visual information in blind regions may still be processed in patients with hemifield defects after cerebral lesions (“blindsight”). Recently, we tested the hypothesis that, in the absence of retinogeniculostriate processing, residual retinotectal processing may still be detected as modifications of saccades to seen targets by irrelevant distractors in the blind hemifield (Van der Stigchel et al., 2008). Patients with hemifield defects were presented with distractors in both the blind and intact visual field and participants were instructed to make eye movements to targets in the intact field. Eye movements were recorded to determine if blind-field distractors caused deviation in saccadic trajectories. In one of these experiments, two patients were tested with the target and the distractor closely aligned. Both patients showed saccades that deviated toward the blind-field distractor (i.e. global effect). This finding might be a typical phenomenon in patients with hemifield defects. Here we present four new cases in which we tested with the same paradigm whether a distractor presented in the blind visual field induces a global effect when target and distractor are closely aligned. Results showed that the blind-field distractor did not cause a deviation in saccadic trajectories in two of the four patients, although the distractor in the intact field caused a consistent global effect. Interestingly, in the two patients in whom an effect of a blind-field distractor was observed, the direction of the deviation was different from the previous study as eye movements deviated away from the blind-field distractor. Whereas this study again confirms that distractor effects on saccadic trajectories can occur in some patients with damage to the retinogeniculostriate visual pathway but preserved retinotectal projections, it reveals that the direction of this effect differs between patients, reflecting differences in oculomotor inhibition of blind-field distractors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".