AC Pipe in North America: Inventory, Breakage, and Working Environments
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Asbestos cement (AC) pipe constitutes a significant portion of the water distribution pipes still in service in many North American cities. To understand the state of the AC pipe inventory in North America, a survey was conducted of utilities with a large percentage of AC pipes in their water distribution systems. The survey included questions about pipe inventory, breakage, working environments, rehabilitation/replacement practices, and safety- and health-related management practices. This paper summarizes data from the inventory, breakage, and working environment portions of the survey. The survey obtained relatively complete inventory information for pipe length, size, years of service, breakage condition, and water quality. Information about the nature of the soils surrounding AC pipes was limited. The survey indicated that utility managers’ perceptions of water and soil environments were not always consistent with water and soil test results. Survey data analysis identified pipe age, water quality, and pipe size as important factors contributing to the failure of AC pipes in North America.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it