X-ray investigations of formation efficiency of buried azobenzene polymer density gratings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present the results of time-dependent x-ray scattering measurements during the formation of a buried, modulated density structure below polymer film surface created at temperatures above the glass transition temperature TG during the thermal erasure of a holographically written surface relief grating. The surface relief gratings are initially formed on polymer films containing azobenzene side groups by exposure to a polarization holographic pattern made using light at 488 nm. The material responds to the actinic light by forming a sinusoidal surface relief pattern in a one-step process. Theoretical predictions show that the surface relief grating formation is accompanied by a density grating just below the film surface. Upon annealing above polymers glass transition temperature the surface relief grating melts while some of the density modulation in the bulk remains and a nonsinusoidal density grating is rebuilt after long term annealing at a temperature approximately 30 K above the glass transition temperature. The growth of density volume structure is assisted by exposure to red laser light during annealing. The observed homopolymer pDR1M was found to be the most effective material to build the modulated buried density grating. This might be due to the formation of clusters below the former peak positions of the surface relief grating. A quantitative description and preliminary model is given for this behavior.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".