Associations between immune parameters, parasitism, and stress in breeding pied flycatcher (<i>Ficedula hypoleuca</i>) females
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
There are two major interpretations of serum IgY concentration in wild birds. On the one hand, it has been considered an indication of susceptibility to stress and parasite infection. Therefore, immunoglobulin concentration is expected to change in response to variation in these factors owing to reproductive activities. On the other hand, it has been considered a measure of immune capacity. We measured the IgY level and the lymphocyte proportion at the beginning of incubation and at the end of the nestling period in female pied flycatchers, Ficedula hypoleuca (Pallas, 1764). We assessed the immune response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) at the latter stage. We found that the total IgY level remained constant throughout the season. Initially, it was positively associated with the PHA response, lymphocyte proportion, intensity of infection by Haemoproteus spp., and concentration of stress protein HSP70 in peripheral blood. These variables explained nearly 80% of the variation in IgY concentration. In the final phase, only the PHA response was correlated with the IgY level. We discuss the hypothetical mechanisms underlying these associations and the need to control for parasite infection and physiological stress in ecological studies including measurements of immunoglobulin concentration.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it