Concentration Polarization in Electroosmotic Pumps
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electroosmotic (EO) pumps can generate relatively high pressure and flow rate using no moving parts and small package volumes. Pumps with one micron (and smaller) pore diameters are promising for applications requiring high flow rate per power, such as drug delivery systems. We here show that such EO pumps exhibit significant concentration polarization (CP). CP occurs in electrokinetic devices when ionic current carried by electric double layers is significant compared to overall ionic current in the system. In the CP regime, EO pump models likely fail as these models do not account for the strong spatiotemporal variations in ionic strength. We present visualizations of CP in EO pumps, and confirm that enrichment and depletion propagation front dynamics correspond with CP theory. Additionally, we show that enrichment and depletion regions are generated at and propagate from electrodes of our system, and such regions appear to interact with CP effects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".