Bibliographic record
Abstract
An investigation of the stability limits of biogas jet diffusion flames in a co-flowing air stream was conducted. Stability limits were determined experimentally for two different methane-carbon dioxide mixtures that are of typical biogas composition. Moreover, the effect of jet nozzle diameter was also investigated. It was found that with the presence of a significant amount of CO2 in the fuel as in the case of biogas, the stability limits were very low and the flames can only be stabilized over a very small range of coflowing velocities. As expected, an increase in carbon dioxide concentration resulted in the narrowing of the region of the stable flames. However, it was shown that the flame stability of such mixtures can be enhanced very significantly and over a much wider range of co-flowing air velocities by introducing a small amount of hydrogen in the fuel. Results indicate an increase in the stability limits by approximately fourfold when 10% (by vol.) of hydrogen is added under the same operating conditions. The effect of addition of hydrogen on enhancement of biogas stability is most significant with the initial addition of 10%. The degree of enhancement diminishes with further increase in hydrogen addition from 10% to 30%.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".