Blend Membranes Based on Acid-Base Interactions for Operation at High Methanol Concentrations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The performances in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) fabricated with blend membranes based on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and poly(sulfone) bearing 2-amino-benzimidazole have been compared with SPEEK and Nafion ionomers in the anode and cathode catalyst layers as well as with that of MEAs fabricated with Nafion 115 membrane and Nafion ionomer in the electrodes. The SPEEK ionomer offers better compatibility with a lower interfacial resistance compared to Nafion ionomer when used with the blend membranes. Also, MEAs fabricated with the blend membrane and SPEEK ionomer in the electrodes exhibit better performance in DMFC compared to that with Nafion membrane and Nafion ionomer due to lower methanol crossover. Moreover, MEAs fabricated with the blend membranes exhibit less performance dependence on methanol concentration compared to those fabricated with the Nafion membranes, making the former attractive to operate at high methanol-feed concentrations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".