Estimating sperm whale ( <i>Physeter macrocephalus</i> ) daily abundance from a shore‐based survey within the Kaikoura submarine canyon, New Zealand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Kaikoura submarine canyon (New Zealand) is one of the few places in the world where male sperm whales ( Physeter macrocephalus ) can be found year round close to the shore. The objective of this study was to estimate the daily abundance of sperm whale within the study area. Positions of sperm whales were measured from a shore‐based station over a 2‐year study (2010–2012) which included information from 4613 sperm whale sightings. Distance sampling and mark‐resight models were used to estimate daily abundance. Results showed a mean of four (SEM = 0.13) individuals present in the study area at any given time. These results differ from, and are much lower than, those from previous studies. A decline in the daily number of individuals suggests that a cautious management approach is necessary. Our study illustrated the application of distance sampling and mark‐resight methods from a shore‐based station.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".