Wellbore Efficiency Model for CO2 Geological Storage Part II: Wellbore System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Storing carbon dioxide (CO2) in deep geological formations is one part of the carbon capture and storage (CCS) process that is defined as geological CO2 sequestration or CO2 geo-sequestration. Injecting CO2 into a reservoir does not guarantee safe storage because CO2 could leak back to the surface and/or may contaminate specific strata where other energy, mineral and/or groundwater resources are present. Two mechanisms control assurance of storage integrity, which are geological leakage mechanism and wellbore leakage mechanism (Espie, 2005). Wellbore element was presented as a basic unit for developing a model of an entire wellbore system. This paper is the second to assess the performance of a wellbore system for geological storage purposes. The analytical model adopts concept of sequence scenarios of possible leakage paths, concept of wellbore efficiency for storage purposes and concept of the reference state. A new analytical model for modeling leakage through a wellbore system has been proposed. The analytical model represents the wellbore system as serially connected wellbore elements. This provides an advantage that each element can differ from the subsequent one and will have its own characteristics. Effective wellbore permeability also can change from element to another. The effect of site formation arrangement between general system and repeated aquitard-aquifers is investigated and compared. The analytical model is validated with the results of Nordbotten et al. (2004).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".