Integrin signaling in early sea urchin development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The eggs and cleavage stage embryos of many animals express integrins and signal transduction components, yet comparatively little is known of the signaling complexes formed or the role of integrin signaling in early development. Genomic approaches have revealed the complement of integrin signaling components expressed in early sea urchin development. We review what is known about the distribution and function of integrins, integrin ligands, and integrin signal transduction proteins expressed during this critical phase of development. Immediately after fertilization integrins are expressed on the apical surface of the egg where the receptors interact with several potential ligands in the hyaline layer. The apical integrin complex is essential for reorganization of the egg cortex. During cleavage the blastocoel forms and a second integrin complex forms on the basal surface of blastomeres interacting with basal lamina components of the extracellular matrix. The integrin subunits of the apical and basal complexes differ and localization data indicate the apical and basal complexes may contain different scaffolding proteins and different kinases. We propose that there are two independent integrin‐based signaling complexes formed during cleavage and blastula formation that may have distinct and essential functions in early development. The sea urchin is an excellent model for studies of these pathways and a number of approaches are available to determine their roles in early development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".