THE RELIABILITY OF EXTENDED-FIELD-OF-VIEW ULTRASONOGRAPHY FOR MEASUREMENT OF ACHILLES TENDON LENGTH IN VIVO
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extended-field-of-view (FOV) ultrasonography is relatively new technology with significant potential for musculoskeletal research. Extended-FOV ultrasonography allows the entire length of the Achilles tendon to appear on one panoramic image. This investigation is the first phase of a study examining the relationship between relative Achilles tendon length and vertical leap performance in elite male volleyball players. PURPOSE To determine the test-retest (intrarater) reliability of extended-FOV ultrasonography for the measurement of the length of the Achilles tendon in vivo. METHODS 15 male semi-professional indoor and beach volleyball players participated. The length of both Achilles tendons was measured using extended-FOV ultrasonography. The imaging was performed in a hospital by a technologist with 23 years of experience. Using the HDI5000 sonoCTTM (Philips Medical Systems) and linear 12–5MHz, 38mm transducer the musculotendinous junction at the gastrocnemius muscle was identified on a transverse image. The ultrasonography carefully rotated the transducer so it was parallel to the Achilles tendon and slowly dragged the transducer distally until the tendocalcaneal junction was visualized. The panoramic sonoCTTM allowed a linear measure between the musculotendinous junction at the gastrocnemius muscle and the tendocalcaneal junction to be recorded using the software calipers. Three measures of length were recorded for each athlete's Achilles tendon (6 per athlete). The reliability was determined using an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Using the simple measure two-way random effects model the ICC = .94 (.89 to .97). CONCLUSION Extended-FOV ultrasonography appears to have very good intrarater reliability for measurement of the length of the Achilles tendon in vivo. A future study will examine the relationship between relative Achilles tendon length and vertical leap performance in elite male volleyball players. Supported by a grant from the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.026 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".